The attitude of a boat in the water can be largely controlled by trimming the outdrive/propeller unit in relation to the boat's stern.
When the drive is trimmed up, more force is exerted downward by the prop, causing the bow to lift out of the water.
Conversely, when the drive is trimmed down, the force aligns more with the hull, resulting in the bow riding lower in the water.
Depending on the trim angle, increased or decreased speed, fuel economy, comfort, and control can be observed at a given prop RPM.
The trim gauge connects to a resistance-based sender located in the pivot of the outdrive, functioning similarly to a gas tank sender, with the gauge measuring the sender's resistance from fully down/in to fully up/out.
This allows for quick and easy adjustments for conditions and load.